Exploring Material Basis and Q‐Markers for Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease With Tetracera asiatica Tablets Based on In Vitro Components—In Vivo Transferring Components—Efficacy Targets

This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic material basis of Tetracera asiatica (TA) against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and predict its potential quality markers (Q-markers). UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS, Progenesis QI 3.0 and reference compound database were adopted to characterize in vitro constituents, in vivo prototypes and postintragastric metabolites. Targets retrieved from multiple databases were used to construct a component-target-disease network, and molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding affinity. The ethanol extract of TA alleviated ethanol-induced increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Among 170 characterized constituents, 49 were detected in mouse serum and liver, and 350 overlapping targets between TA and ALD were screened. Kaempferol, eriodictyol, ellagic acid, catechin, quercetin, and naringenin were key active constituents, functioning through HIF-1, AGE-RAGE, and JAK-STAT pathways and showing strong binding to SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These six compounds constitute the core pharmacodynamic material basis of TA against ALD and are promising candidate Q-markers based on specificity, detectability, efficacy correlation, bioavailability, and TCM theory.