Return of the Ring: Whole-Number Certificates for Every Endpoint Total

The earlier paper One Ring to Host It All gives a test for when a single repeating cycle of underlying states can carry a given visible process for a given time. The test is a certificate: two short lists of whole numbers satisfying four families of linear inequalities. That paper left one implication open. If the inequalities can be satisfied by real numbers, can they be satisfied by whole numbers? We prove that they can, for every finite map, every duration and all integer data. For natural-number data, which covers every case of the earlier paper, the implication is also proved in the Lean 4 proof assistant, and the formal proof is in the archive. The paper proves more. Set the fourth family aside and call the first three the core. In one connected part of the visible rule, take any one set of endpoint counts and add them up. The totals reached by whole-number solutions of the core are exactly the whole numbers between the smallest and the largest total reached by real solutions. So one lower limit, upper limit or exact value for that total can be met in whole numbers whenever it can be met at all, and whole-number limits on individual entries are kept. The fourth family is a lower limit of this kind, which settles the open implication. For endpoints so far out on a branch that the step after their window is still off the cycle, the largest real total is already a whole number. Exact examples show where these statements stop: totals taken across two separate parts, weighted totals, totals of continuing counts along a tree, and two limits on two different totals can each fail. One consequence for the earlier paper is that existence of a host is decided by a direct check and one linear-programming feasibility test.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121980
Primary Topic
semigroups and automata theory
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Return of the Ring: Whole-Number Certificates for Every Endpoint Total

Chris Bartlett
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
semigroups and automata theory
article

Return of the Ring: Whole-Number Certificates for Every Endpoint Total

Chris Bartlett
article en

Abstract

The earlier paper One Ring to Host It All gives a test for when a single repeating cycle of underlying states can carry a given visible process for a given time. The test is a certificate: two short lists of whole numbers satisfying four families of linear inequalities. That paper left one implication open. If the inequalities can be satisfied by real numbers, can they be satisfied by whole numbers? We prove that they can, for every finite map, every duration and all integer data. For natural-number data, which covers every case of the earlier paper, the implication is also proved in the Lean 4 proof assistant, and the formal proof is in the archive. The paper proves more. Set the fourth family aside and call the first three the core. In one connected part of the visible rule, take any one set of endpoint counts and add them up. The totals reached by whole-number solutions of the core are exactly the whole numbers between the smallest and the largest total reached by real solutions. So one lower limit, upper limit or exact value for that total can be met in whole numbers whenever it can be met at all, and whole-number limits on individual entries are kept. The fourth family is a lower limit of this kind, which settles the open implication. For endpoints so far out on a branch that the step after their window is still off the cycle, the largest real total is already a whole number. Exact examples show where these statements stop: totals taken across two separate parts, weighted totals, totals of continuing counts along a tree, and two limits on two different totals can each fail. One consequence for the earlier paper is that existence of a host is decided by a direct check and one linear-programming feasibility test.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
semigroups and automata theory
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