Impacto do uso crônico de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides nos marcadores laboratoriais hepáticos e renais: revisão sistemática

Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is common in the treatment of painful and inflammatory diseases; however, continuous exposure may cause renal and hepatic biochemical changes, representing a concern for treatment safety and the prevention of organ dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze the impact of chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on hepatic and renal laboratory markers in adults, identifying the main alterations associated with prolonged exposure. A systematic literature review was conducted using a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach through searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Publications published between 2021 and 2026 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria established based on the PICO strategy. Studies presenting laboratory data related to renal and/or hepatic function in adults exposed to NSAIDs were analyzed. Renal alterations were more frequent, particularly reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate, increased creatinine levels, and the occurrence of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in specific groups. Hepatic alterations were less frequent, although elevations in ALT and AST and cases of drug-induced liver injury were identified. The magnitude of the effects varied according to the medication, dose, duration of exposure, and clinical characteristics of the patients. Chronic NSAID use may be associated with laboratory alterations indicative of a risk of organ impairment, particularly renal impairment, reinforcing the importance of individualized laboratory monitoring during prolonged treatment.