Evaluation of Trade Facilitation Measures on Intra-African Trade under the African Continental Free Trade Area

Abstract African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a historic step towards enhancing economic integration and drive intra-African trade. This study assesses the expected effect of AfCFTA trade facilitation measures. The research is conducted using a qualitative approach, with a documentary analysis to analyze the impact of customs modernization, digitalization, infrastructure and regulatory harmonization on the trade flows between the different African regions. The study, based on the Gravity Model of Trade, New Institutional Economics, Regional Integration Theory and Infrastructure-Led Growth Theory, concludes that trade facilitation measures have significantly contributed to customs efficiency improvements, trade cost reductions and to better market access for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in countries where institutional contexts and infrastructure preparedness were better. But Afghanistan's trade facilitation policy has not been fully realised due to the lack of full implementation of its provisions in different regions, infrastructural shortcomings and other non-tariff barriers. The study of Okoye, Osegbue, Azubuike and Idogo (2025) and Okoye, Osegbue, Okelue and Emesiana (2025) corroborates the need to solve road transport challenges and invest in regional infrastructure projects. The study suggests that specific measures such as capacity development, alignment of trade standards, strengthening of dispute resolution processes and increased investment in transport and digital infrastructure are needed. This research sheds light on the progress and challenges encountered in trade facilitation under AfCFTA, and proposes strategic policy recommendations to enhance the competitiveness and resilience of the African trade system. Keywords: AfCFTA, Intra-African Trade, Trade Facilitation, Customs Modernization, Infrastructure Development, Non-Tariff Barriers, Digitalization, Regional Integration, Gravity Model of Trade.