Multiple Goldstone Relics: How Many Early-Decoupled Bosons the Observed Radiation Budget Allows
A boson decoupling at the top of the ladder contributes 2.68e-02 and up to 11.2 such bosons fit under the ceiling. At 1 GeV the single contribution rises to 5.55e-02, and at 5 MeV it reaches 5.71e-01, where the ceiling admits only 0.53 of a boson, meaning a single MeV-decoupled Goldstone already overshoots the adopted bound by itself. The contrast between the first and last rows, a factor of more than twenty in the permitted count, is the whole content of the dilution mechanism stated numerically. The ceiling temperature implied by the bound density of 9.72e+54 g per cubic centimetre sits above all five epochs. This study is computed from stated assumptions and published comparison values; it is not a measurement.
Authors
- William Alexander Aldred (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-11-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24138564
- Primary Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00