Which chord of an even cycle preserves its spectral gap

Add one edge of conductance $w>0$ to the cycle $C_n$, $n=2m\ge4$, and run the random walk on the resulting weighted graph. We show that the spectral gap of the walk is largest exactly when the new edge joins two antipodal vertices, and that in this case the gap equals $1-\cos(\pi/m)$, the gap of the cycle itself, for every $w$. Every other chord strictly lowers the gap, with an explicit bound. If instead the walk is Metropolized so that its stationary law stays uniform, every chord, antipodal or not, strictly lowers the gap. These are one-edge cases of questions of Diaconis about which added edges speed up a random walk most.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24125373
Primary Topic
Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods
Type
preprint
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preprint

Which chord of an even cycle preserves its spectral gap

Yitzchak Shmalo
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods
preprint

Which chord of an even cycle preserves its spectral gap

Yitzchak Shmalo
preprint en

Abstract

Add one edge of conductance $w>0$ to the cycle $C_n$, $n=2m\ge4$, and run the random walk on the resulting weighted graph. We show that the spectral gap of the walk is largest exactly when the new edge joins two antipodal vertices, and that in this case the gap equals $1-\cos(\pi/m)$, the gap of the cycle itself, for every $w$. Every other chord strictly lowers the gap, with an explicit bound. If instead the walk is Metropolized so that its stationary law stays uniform, every chord, antipodal or not, strictly lowers the gap. These are one-edge cases of questions of Diaconis about which added edges speed up a random walk most.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods
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