A Lei nº 10.639/2003 como instrumento de promoção da igualdade racial e de combate ao racismo estrutural na primeira infância.

This article examines the importance of education for ethnic-racial relations in early childhood, emphasizing Law No. 10,639/2003 as a legal milestone for recognizing Afro-Brazilian history and culture and confronting structural racism. It assumes that identities and perceptions of belonging, difference and equality begin to develop in the early years of life, which makes Early Childhood Education particularly relevant to promoting experiences grounded in respect for diversity. The study discusses the constitutional and statutory framework, the national guidelines for ethnic-racial relations education, and the National Curriculum Guidelines for Early Childhood Education. It highlights the need for a continuous, cross-curricular and institutionally supported approach, rather than one restricted to commemorative dates. The research adopts a qualitative and exploratory approach based on bibliographic and documentary analysis. It concludes that promoting racial equality from early childhood requires shared commitment among the State, education systems, educational institutions, professionals, families and the community, in order to ensure recognition, representation and protection against discriminatory practices.