The Entropy Budget of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter

Black holes are the most entropic objects permitted by physics, carrying an entropy proportional to the area of their horizons that dwarfs, mass for mass, every other form of matter. If a substantial share of the dark matter consists of primordial black holes, the entropy budget of the observable universe changes character: instead of residing mainly in the photon bath, as it does in the standard accounting at roughly ten to the eighty-ninth in units of Boltzmann's constant, the bulk of the entropy would reside behind horizons. The headline computed values are: S total 30Msun = 2.13e+97; S per 30Msun = 2.65e+70. The work is computational throughout: assumptions are stated, the arithmetic is deposited, and no result is presented as a measurement.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24147664
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
article

The Entropy Budget of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

The Entropy Budget of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

Black holes are the most entropic objects permitted by physics, carrying an entropy proportional to the area of their horizons that dwarfs, mass for mass, every other form of matter. If a substantial share of the dark matter consists of primordial black holes, the entropy budget of the observable universe changes character: instead of residing mainly in the photon bath, as it does in the standard accounting at roughly ten to the eighty-ninth in units of Boltzmann's constant, the bulk of the entropy would reside behind horizons. The headline computed values are: S total 30Msun = 2.13e+97; S per 30Msun = 2.65e+70. The work is computational throughout: assumptions are stated, the arithmetic is deposited, and no result is presented as a measurement.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon