Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio Through a Bounce: How Many E-Folds of Post-Bounce Expansion the BICEP Bound Requires

This paper computes the tensor-to-scalar ratio that survives a torsion-regulated bounce as a function of the post-bounce expansion history, and finds the minimum expansion the current gravitational-wave bound demands. Tensor modes entering the bounce with a ratio r = 0.28 at the pivot scale are diluted as r = 0.28 exp(-2.4 N), where N counts the e-folds over which scalar growth continues after the tensor amplitude has frozen. At a fiducial N = 1.35 the surviving ratio is r = 0.011, a factor 3.3 below the BICEP/Keck and Planck bound of 0.036. Satisfying that bound at all requires N of at least 0.855; with no dilution the entering value of 0.28 is excluded outright, and at N = 2 the ratio falls to 0.002304. The bounce therefore does not automatically solve the tensor problem that large-field inflation faces: it solves it only if the post-bounce phase provides roughly one e-fold or more of differential scalar growth, a concrete condition on the expansion history that can be checked in any specific model. The study is computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134445
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
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article

Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio Through a Bounce: How Many E-Folds of Post-Bounce Expansion the BICEP Bound Requires

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio Through a Bounce: How Many E-Folds of Post-Bounce Expansion the BICEP Bound Requires

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

This paper computes the tensor-to-scalar ratio that survives a torsion-regulated bounce as a function of the post-bounce expansion history, and finds the minimum expansion the current gravitational-wave bound demands. Tensor modes entering the bounce with a ratio r = 0.28 at the pivot scale are diluted as r = 0.28 exp(-2.4 N), where N counts the e-folds over which scalar growth continues after the tensor amplitude has frozen. At a fiducial N = 1.35 the surviving ratio is r = 0.011, a factor 3.3 below the BICEP/Keck and Planck bound of 0.036. Satisfying that bound at all requires N of at least 0.855; with no dilution the entering value of 0.28 is excluded outright, and at N = 2 the ratio falls to 0.002304. The bounce therefore does not automatically solve the tensor problem that large-field inflation faces: it solves it only if the post-bounce phase provides roughly one e-fold or more of differential scalar growth, a concrete condition on the expansion history that can be checked in any specific model. The study is computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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