Spatial Mapping of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases and Primary Healthcare Accessibility in the Oesapa Health Center Catchment, Kupang City, Indonesia

Dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a recurrent public health problem in tropical cities, where localized transmission and unequal access to primary healthcare can delay early case management. This study aimed to map the distribution of dengue cases and evaluate the spatial accessibility of existing community health services in the Oesapa Health Center catchment, Kupang City, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative design was combined with geographic information system analysis. Secondary dengue surveillance records for 2023, field-verified case coordinates, administrative boundaries, and health-facility locations were integrated in ArcGIS. Case distribution was summarized by sex, age group, and kelurahan, while a 3,000-m service buffer was used to assess potential reach from Oesapa Health Center to recorded case locations. Kupang City reported 199 dengue cases in 2023, and the Oesapa Health Center catchment accounted for the highest health-center total, with 35 cases or 17.6% of the citywide burden. Within the catchment, cases were concentrated in Oesapa and Lasiana, which together contributed 25 cases or 71.4% of the local total. Adults aged 18-59 years represented the largest age group with 21 cases or 60.0%, while female patients accounted for 57.1% of cases. Buffer analysis indicated that 29 of 35 cases, or 82.9%, were located within the 3,000-m potential service catchment, leaving six cases outside the primary buffer. The findings show that micro-scale dengue mapping can identify priority neighborhoods and reveal residual access gaps within an apparently well-served urban health-center area.