A Context-Aware ZTNA Framework with eBPF/XDP Policy Enforcement and Machine-Learning-Based Trust Evaluation for Campus Networks
University networks host heterogeneous users, endpoints, access locations, and services, so access decisions cannot rely solely on identity information. This work proposes the Context-Aware Dynamic Trust Zero Trust Network Access (CADT-ZTNA) framework, integrating log-based risk classification with an eBPF/XDP-assisted policy enforcement design. We analyzed 113,964 campus security records collected over 30 days: 94,012 actor logs fed the supervised classifier, while 19,952 vendor logs were set aside for separate analysis. Using a chronological train–validation–test split, XGBoost reached a test ROC-AUC of 0.9808, AP of 0.8740 and F1 of 0.8892. Random Forest delivered marginally better ROC-AUC (0.9834) and AP (0.8887). Ablation results highlight the role of temporal behavioral features: removing the temporal feature group reduced ROC-AUC from 0.9808 to 0.9056 and AP from 0.8740 to 0.1869. Removing only user_time_gap reduced AP to 0.6849 and F1 to 0.7676. As 99.15% of positive samples are dormant-account login events, the reported classification performance reflects discrimination against these predefined operational security labels, rather than detection of independently verified real-world malicious activity.
Authors
- Chen Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1962-8992)
- Ying Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5518-8512)
- Li Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-3196)
- Xiaojuan Cai
Institutions
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Applied Sciences
- Published
- 2026-11-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app162211157
- Primary Topic
- Network Security and Intrusion Detection
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00