SiC nanoparticles, graphene oxide and magnesium matrix composites: Recent advances in corrosion resistance and biomedical applications

Magnesium alloys are highly attractive for lightweight and biomedical applications. However, they suffer from poor corrosion resistance and limited durability in physiological environments. Existing reviews typically focus on surface coatings including polymer-derived ceramic nanocomposites or internal reinforcements as separate topics. There is a lack of integrated discussions combining silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) systems in multifunctional composites. This limits holistic understanding, prevents cross‑comparison of mechanisms, and slows development of truly multifunctional composites. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of SiC nanoparticles, rGO coatings and/or reinforcements, polymer-derived ceramic nanocomposites and magnesium matrix composites. Generalizable studies in other light metal matrices also form part of the study. The synergistic roles of these materials in enhancing corrosion resistance and biomedical performance are highlighted. The primary objective was to systematically review recent advances in the research area. A cluster-based review was conducted. Thematic analysis and classification were performed using Python version 3.14.7 and VOSviewer version1.16.21 in Dell Precision Tower series and Windows 11 environment. Additionally, a systematic comparison of critical performance indicators is presented. The analysis identifies major synergies between protective coatings and structural reinforcements. Key findings demonstrate that SiC nanoparticles significantly improve resistance to wear and high-temperature oxidation. rGO-based coatings have shown potential to improve corrosion protection, while selected studies report favourable cell-viability outcomes under the biological testing conditions examined. Hybrid strategies combining SiC-based reinforcements and graphene oxide coatings offer potential multifunctional benefits. This review provides a clear roadmap for integrating coatings and reinforcements in magnesium matrix composites.