Full title: Two levels, two logics? Exploring predictors of recovery-oriented care: findings from the RECOR-PRO survey

Abstract Objective Gaps persist between values, policies, and practice of recovery-oriented care, stressing the need to identify implementation levers. This study examined the relationship between staff-reported recovery-oriented practices (ROP) and recovery-oriented service delivery (ROSD), and the sociodemographic, dispositional, and organizational factors associated with each. Methods In the RECOR-PRO survey, French mental health professionals (N = 555) completed standardized measures of recovery beliefs, attitudes toward ROP, organizational culture, ROP, and ROSD. Hierarchical regressions assessed the incremental contribution of each factor category, while separate category-specific regressions identified the variables most strongly associated with each outcome. Results ROP and ROSD were only weakly correlated (r = .14–.28), and ROSD was not significantly associated with ROP after accounting for sociodemographic and dispositional factors. Dispositional factors added the most explained variance for ROP (ΔR² = .35), notably attitudes toward specific recovery strategies, whereas organizational factors added the most for ROSD (ΔR² = .25), notably coworker expectations, leadership, and quality improvement. Category-specific regressions corroborated this pattern. Shared factors included lived experience of mental illness, use of standardized recovery tools, professional utility, and coworker expectations. Conclusions ROP and ROSD appear to be distinct yet interrelated levels of recovery-oriented care, supporting theoretical models and measures that distinguish individual from collective dimensions. More practically, the study identifies candidate implementation levers for recovery-oriented care, specific to each level or shared, such as coworker expectations and use of recovery-focused tools. These findings highlight the need for multilevel interventions combining support for practitioners with organizational change, rather than training professionals alone.