Odontologia legal na identificação de corpos esqueletizados e carbonizados no cenário pericial goiano: desafios e métodos atuais

Forensic medical identification of skeletonized and charred human remains represents one of the most complex challenges in forensic anthropology and legal odontology, given the frequent inviability of fingerprint analysis due to extensive soft tissue destruction. This study aims to analyze primary forensic odontological methodologies for comparative and reconstructive identification, highlighting operational particularities and documentary obstacles faced in the routine casework of the state of Goiás. The methodology consisted of qualitative bibliographic and documentary research, based on legal medicine doctrine, technical guidelines, and regional scientific literature. The findings demonstrate that the high physicochemical resilience of dental tissues and periodontal structures enables the unequivocal individualization of victims, even under extreme thermal and taphonomic conditions. However, the substandard drafting and archival preservation of dental records in civil practice remain the main bottleneck hindering timely ante-mortem and post-mortem comparisons. In conclusion, strengthening institutional cooperation with professional licensing boards for clinical record standardization, progressively incorporating three-dimensional imaging technologies, and strictly complying with the chain of custody within the Forensic Anthropology and Legal Odontology Section of the Scientific Police Directorate of Goiás are decisive measures for investigative efficacy and the protection of fundamental human rights.