Black-Hole Entropy as a Fraction of the Total Budget Across a Bounce

The black-hole fraction of the contents budget is effectively unity at the precision of the census. Most of what would need to cross a bounce is therefore black-hole entropy, concentrated in objects whose density lies far below the limit and which the bounce geometry has no obvious mechanism to dissolve. The entropy problem of the bounce is, quantitatively, a black-hole problem. The computation is performed from stated assumptions in a density-limited bounce, in which the neutron-branch limit density sets a maximum density, a finite bounce temperature, and a minimum horizon size. Headline values from the deposited calculation are: S_bh_kB = 1.05e+99; S_rad_kB = 2.50e+89; fraction_BH = 1; M_surviving_kg = 1.73e+11; M_surviving_Msun = 8.70e-20; rho_s_limit_mass_kg = 8.66e+10. The study is simulated and computed, not measured, and its conclusions are stated at the precision the stated assumptions support.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129230
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Black-Hole Entropy as a Fraction of the Total Budget Across a Bounce

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Black-Hole Entropy as a Fraction of the Total Budget Across a Bounce

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

The black-hole fraction of the contents budget is effectively unity at the precision of the census. Most of what would need to cross a bounce is therefore black-hole entropy, concentrated in objects whose density lies far below the limit and which the bounce geometry has no obvious mechanism to dissolve. The entropy problem of the bounce is, quantitatively, a black-hole problem. The computation is performed from stated assumptions in a density-limited bounce, in which the neutron-branch limit density sets a maximum density, a finite bounce temperature, and a minimum horizon size. Headline values from the deposited calculation are: S_bh_kB = 1.05e+99; S_rad_kB = 2.50e+89; fraction_BH = 1; M_surviving_kg = 1.73e+11; M_surviving_Msun = 8.70e-20; rho_s_limit_mass_kg = 8.66e+10. The study is simulated and computed, not measured, and its conclusions are stated at the precision the stated assumptions support.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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Black-Hole Entropy as a Fraction of the Total Budget Across a Bounce — William Alexander Aldred · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS