Spatial Accessibility and Village Development in Pidie Jaya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia

Village development is shaped by social, economic, and environmental conditions, including spatial access to essential services. This study examines the relationship between accessibility to educational, healthcare, and economic facilities and village development, measured using the Village Development Index, in Pidie Jaya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. A quantitative approach combining spatial network analysis and multiple linear regression was applied to 222 villages. Accessibility was measured using ArcGIS Closest Facility Network Analysis to calculate road-network distances from village settlement centers to the nearest schools, hospitals, community health centers, auxiliary health posts, and markets. Regression analysis used HC3 heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors. The accessibility variables collectively explained 22.5% of the variation in IDM scores (R² = 0.225). Distances to senior high schools, hospitals, and auxiliary health posts showed statistically significant negative associations with IDM scores, while distances to elementary schools, junior high schools, community health centers, and markets were not significant. These findings support spatially targeted infrastructure and service planning for underserved villages. The observed relationships indicate association rather than causality.