Coupled MHD and heat generation effects on magnetite–blood nanofluid in a stenosed artery

In this article, we explored the influence of coupled MHD and heat generation on magnetite-blood nanofluid in stenotic vessels. The blood based Newtonian fluid developed with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles to enhance magnetic intensity and thermal diffusion, which are applicable to targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia based medical treatment. An incompressible, two-dimensional, laminar model is governed by the consideration of Magnetic force, heat generation effects, and the symmetrical characteristics of the arterial stenosis. The non-linear equations of momentum and energy were computed with boundary layer restrictions and then solved computationally in MATLAB software. Key variables, including the magnetic field strength, the volume fraction for nanoparticles, the altitude of the stenosis, the coefficient of heat production, and the Prandtl number were systematically analyzed and the effects of these variables on the axial flow rate, wall shear stress, thermal distribution and Nusselt number were examined. The results show that magnetic field significantly decreases the value of the axial velocity and the heat transfer rate, and increases the concentration of magnetite nanoparticles, which increases thermal transport. The Nusselt number increases by 104.95% as the Prandtl number increases, while it decreases by 35.87% as the parameter of the heat source increases, making it clear that thermal parameters have a high impact on the blood flow in the arteries with a stenosis. The results might prove helpful for the control of drugs by magnetism, targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles, thermal control in bio-medical systems and control of blood flow in stenosed arteries.