Stellar Wind Densities at One Astronomical Unit: The Most Tenuous Bound Planetary Environment

This paper computes where solar wind at 1 AU sits relative to the density bound that arises in Einstein-Cartan gravity when the spin of fermionic matter sources torsion. The bound on the neutron branch is 9.72e+57 kilograms per cubic metre, and on the electron branch 2.87e+51 kilograms per cubic metre. The primary system examined, solar wind at 1 AU, has a density of 8.00e-21 kilograms per cubic metre, which is a fraction 8.23e-79 of the neutron-branch bound — a margin of 78.1 orders of magnitude. The fractional correction that the bound makes to the effective density, and hence to structure quantities built from it, is that same ratio to leading order. Further systems examined here are solar wind at 1 AU at 8.00e-21 kilograms per cubic metre; solar wind at 0.1 AU at 8.00e-19 kilograms per cubic metre; coronal base at 1.00e-12 kilograms per cubic metre. The conclusion is stated plainly: at these densities the correction is present in the equations and absent from every digit that observation or modelling can reach, and this paper quantifies that absence system by system rather than asserting it. The study is computed from stated assumptions; it is not a measurement.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24138334
Primary Topic
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
article

Stellar Wind Densities at One Astronomical Unit: The Most Tenuous Bound Planetary Environment

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
article

Stellar Wind Densities at One Astronomical Unit: The Most Tenuous Bound Planetary Environment

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

This paper computes where solar wind at 1 AU sits relative to the density bound that arises in Einstein-Cartan gravity when the spin of fermionic matter sources torsion. The bound on the neutron branch is 9.72e+57 kilograms per cubic metre, and on the electron branch 2.87e+51 kilograms per cubic metre. The primary system examined, solar wind at 1 AU, has a density of 8.00e-21 kilograms per cubic metre, which is a fraction 8.23e-79 of the neutron-branch bound — a margin of 78.1 orders of magnitude. The fractional correction that the bound makes to the effective density, and hence to structure quantities built from it, is that same ratio to leading order. Further systems examined here are solar wind at 1 AU at 8.00e-21 kilograms per cubic metre; solar wind at 0.1 AU at 8.00e-19 kilograms per cubic metre; coronal base at 1.00e-12 kilograms per cubic metre. The conclusion is stated plainly: at these densities the correction is present in the equations and absent from every digit that observation or modelling can reach, and this paper quantifies that absence system by system rather than asserting it. The study is computed from stated assumptions; it is not a measurement.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon