MAPK Signaling Pathway and Hyd Genes’ Spatiotemporal Expression Profiles in the Hypsizygus marmoreus Mycelium–Primordium–Button–Fruiting Body Transcriptome and Proteome

Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow is a high-quality edible fungus that is both delicious and nutritious. In this study, we conducted high-throughput transcriptomic and LC-MS/MS proteomic analyses of the H. marmoreus mycelium, primordium, button, and fruiting body developmental stages. The results revealed that gene expression in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was most significantly up- and downregulated during the primordium–button–fruiting body stages. The cell-wall stress subpathway exhibited relatively active gene expression, with a total of three pathway node genes showing upregulated expressions. During the primordium and fruiting body development stages, Hydrophobin-1, Hydrophobin-3, Hydrophobin-4, Hydrophobin-5, and Hydrophobin-6 exhibited the highest expression levels, with Hydrophobin-2 exhibiting the highest expression level during mycelium development. The expression of pathway node genes in the MAPK signaling pathway in H. marmoreus is similar with the timings of peak expressions of Hydrophobin gene family members during the primordium–button–fruiting body development stages. These results indicate that the expressions of Hydrophobin gene family members are highest during the primordium–button–fruiting body developmental stages. The expression patterns of Hydrophobin gene family members, with peaks during the primordium–button–fruiting body developmental stages and whose expression is closely linked to the period of active pathway node gene expressions in the MAPK signaling pathway. The study results will provide a solid theoretical foundation for elucidating the mechanisms underlying gene expression in the MAPK pathway in H. marmoreus.