Neutron-Proton Freeze-Out Under a Reduced Expansion Rate: The Shift in Temperature and Neutron Fraction
Every light-element abundance descends from one event: the moment the weak reactions converting neutrons and protons into each other became too slow to keep pace with expansion. The shift is systematic and grows as the bounce approaches: a bounce temperature of 1.2 MeV moves freeze-out to 0.739 MeV, a change of -7.6 percent from the standard 0.80 MeV, and the neutron fraction falls from 0.199 to 0.1738; at 3 MeV the freeze-out temperature is 0.791 MeV. Because helium, deuterium and lithium all inherit this number, the freeze-out shift is the single channel through which most bounce effects on abundances flow, and tabulating it separately makes the later abundance calculations auditable. Computed from stated assumptions, not measured.
Authors
- William Alexander Aldred (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-11-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24125942
- Primary Topic
- Nuclear physics research studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00