Nearshoring y reconfiguración de las cadenasglobales de valor: el papel estratégico de Chinay las oportunidades para México

This study analyzes the reconfiguration of Global Value Chains (GVCs) in the context of the nearshoring phenomenon, with particular emphasis on the strategic role of China and its implications for Mexico’s productive integration. Using an analytical and documentary approach, the research examines recent transformations in the global production system driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and shifts in international trade dynamics. The findings indicate that, although nearshoring has promoted the relocation of manufacturing activities toward North America, strengthening Mexico’s role as an export-oriented manufacturing platform, this process does not represent a complete break from global production networks, but rather a partial reorganization of them. In particular, the study identifies a persistent technological dependence of Mexico on intermediate inputs and electronic components sourced from Asian economies, especially China, South Korea, and Taiwan. This dependency constrains Mexico’s ability to move toward higher value-added segments within GVCs. The paper concludes that nearshoring constitutes a strategic opportunity for Mexico; however, its long-term benefits depend on strengthening domestic technological capabilities, developing local suppliers, and implementing industrial policies aimed at productive upgrading.