Monte Carlo Simulation of Energy Deposition in TF-1 and PbWO 4 Crystals Using Geant4

Using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations, we study the interaction of a 20 MeV electron beam with two calorimetric materials: TF-1 lead tungstate and PbWO 4 crystals. The depth- dependent energy deposition profiles are calculated using 0.1 mm scoring bins, which are combined into 1 mm bins for the plotted profiles, taking into account a Gaussian beam energy spread (2% FWHM) and a radial Gaussian profile. The results show a strong dependence of shower development on material density. PbWO 4 exhibits rapid energy deposition and a shorter penetration depth, while TF-1 demonstrates deeper penetration and a broader shower profile. These findings are consistent with electromagnetic shower theory and are relevant for calorimeter design and radiation studies.