Trayectorias laborales y modos de incorporación de personas migrantes venezolanas en tres ciudades latinoamericanas

International migration of Venezuelans has become one of the most significant migratory flows in recent years, particularly within Latin America. In cities such as Barranquilla (Colombia), Santiago de Chile (Chile), and San José (Costa Rica), there has been a considerable increase in the arrival of this population, which has generated various opportunities and challenges in terms of social and economic integration. This paper analyzes the modes of incorporation (hostile, indifferent, and receptive) of Venezuelan migrants in three Latin American mentioned cities. We examine employment and self-employment trajectories in the four years before and after migration, using longitudinal data from the Latin American Migration Project - Recent Immigration Ethnosurvey in Latin American Reception Contexts (LAMP-ENIR 2021). First, we identified three clustered trajectories: wage employment before and after migration, self-employment before and after migration, and inactivity. We then used binomial logistic regression models to assess the impact of incorporation modes on these trajectories. Our results suggest that factors beyond institutional migration management significantly influence the dynamics of labor incorporation.