Intraday and Period-Level Control for Peak-Shaving Ancillary Services in Electricity Markets

Wind and photovoltaic (PV) fluctuations and forecast errors create a need for coordinated peak-shaving dispatch. This study develops a hierarchical intraday–period-level scheduling model. The intraday layer maximizes net system profit by jointly accounting for electricity revenue, differentiated peak-shaving compensation, operating costs, and renewable-curtailment penalties and provides power and storage-energy reference schedules. The period-level layer applies model predictive control (MPC) with a 1 min control interval and a 15 min prediction horizon to minimize schedule-tracking error subject to power-balance, equipment, and storage-energy constraints. An improved hybrid Aquila Optimizer–African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (IHAEAVOA) searches for dispatch solutions. Two case studies, with wind generation without PV and PV generation without wind, examine power coordination, storage states, and economic outcomes. Coordinated dispatch yields net profits of USD 12,622.76 and USD 7232.42, compared with USD 4351.16 and USD 5467.41 for intraday-only dispatch, while curtailment rates reach 0.001% and 0.01%, respectively. These results illustrate the coordination of economic reference scheduling and short-horizon tracking within the specified scenarios and model boundaries. By improving renewable energy utilization while maintaining economic performance, the framework supports sustainable power system operation under the studied conditions.