Time to the Cap: Free-Fall Duration from Nuclear Density to the Aldred Limit

From nuclear saturation density the characteristic time is 1.255e-04 seconds; at the cap itself it is 6.739e-25 seconds; from a white-dwarf-like starting density it is 2.101e+00 seconds. The density ratio traversed from nuclear matter to the cap is 3.471e+40, forty orders of magnitude, yet the clock changes by only twenty orders because of the square root. The final approach to 9.718e+57 kilograms per cubic metre occupies a timeslice far below any electromagnetic observing cadence. The practical message is that a bounce at the cap, if it radiates at all, radiates its distinctive signal on gravitational-wave timescales or shorter, and electromagnetic follow-up strategies designed around seconds-long windows are matched to the wrong stage of the event. Computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24125698
Primary Topic
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Time to the Cap: Free-Fall Duration from Nuclear Density to the Aldred Limit

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
article

Time to the Cap: Free-Fall Duration from Nuclear Density to the Aldred Limit

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

From nuclear saturation density the characteristic time is 1.255e-04 seconds; at the cap itself it is 6.739e-25 seconds; from a white-dwarf-like starting density it is 2.101e+00 seconds. The density ratio traversed from nuclear matter to the cap is 3.471e+40, forty orders of magnitude, yet the clock changes by only twenty orders because of the square root. The final approach to 9.718e+57 kilograms per cubic metre occupies a timeslice far below any electromagnetic observing cadence. The practical message is that a bounce at the cap, if it radiates at all, radiates its distinctive signal on gravitational-wave timescales or shorter, and electromagnetic follow-up strategies designed around seconds-long windows are matched to the wrong stage of the event. Computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
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