Smart Energy Saving System Using Presence and Ambient Light Based Intelligent Automation

This paper presents a software-based Smart Energy Saving System designed to demonstrate intelligent room-level energy control through simulated presence detection and ambient-light sensing. The system models the behaviour of a building in which artificial lighting should operate only when a space is occupied and the ambient light level is insufficient. The prototype is intentionally implemented as a front-end simulation, allowing the control logic, energy calculations, dashboards, logs, analytics, and user interaction to be evaluated without physical ESP32, passive infrared, or light-dependent resistor hardware. Four representative spaces are modelled: Living Room, Classroom, Office, and Bedroom. Each room maintains its own presence state, ambient-light value, appliance state, runtime, and energy consumption. The implemented light-control rule combines presence with a three-level ambient-light classification and automatically turns the light on only for an occupied dark room. Appliance energy is calculated from predefined power ratings and simulated runtime, while cost is estimated from a configurable electricity tariff. The user interface provides room monitoring, appliance status, energy analytics, activity logs, smart insights, and configuration controls. An accelerated simulation mechanism maps one second of real time to one simulated minute of appliance runtime, making the system suitable for demonstrations and controlled scenario analysis. This paper expands the prototype into a publication-oriented technical study, including architecture, algorithms, mathematical formulation, scenario-based evaluation, analytical energy comparisons, testing, limitations, and a pathway toward hardware deployment. The results in this paper distinguish clearly between project implementation behaviour, analytical calculations, and future real-world measurements.