A Temperature Ceiling for Evaporating Black Holes Set by the Density Cap

The ceiling is 1.417e+12 kelvin at the remnant mass of 8.659e+10 kilograms. For orientation, a ten-solar-mass hole radiates at 6.170e-09 kelvin and a solar-mass hole at 6.170e-08 kelvin, while a hole of 1e12 kilograms reaches 1.227e+11 kelvin. The ceiling converts, through Boltzmann's constant, to a characteristic particle energy of about a tenth of a giga-electronvolt rather than anything near the Planck scale, which places the final evaporation stage in a regime where known particle physics, not speculative physics, governs the emitted species. That placement matters for observation. Computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24125933
Primary Topic
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

A Temperature Ceiling for Evaporating Black Holes Set by the Density Cap

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
article

A Temperature Ceiling for Evaporating Black Holes Set by the Density Cap

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

The ceiling is 1.417e+12 kelvin at the remnant mass of 8.659e+10 kilograms. For orientation, a ten-solar-mass hole radiates at 6.170e-09 kelvin and a solar-mass hole at 6.170e-08 kelvin, while a hole of 1e12 kilograms reaches 1.227e+11 kelvin. The ceiling converts, through Boltzmann's constant, to a characteristic particle energy of about a tenth of a giga-electronvolt rather than anything near the Planck scale, which places the final evaporation stage in a regime where known particle physics, not speculative physics, governs the emitted species. That placement matters for observation. Computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
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