Improved convergence radius of the Fer expansion for Hermitian generators — E8 Intelligence Research

The Dyson series expands the propagator of a time-dependent Hamiltonian in powers of the Hamiltonian, but its truncations are in general not unitary. The Fer expansion writes the same propagator as an infinite product of matrix exponentials, each of them unitary, and its remainder decays doubly exponentially with the number of factors. Convergence, however, is guaranteed only within a finite radius: the time integral of the norm of the Hamiltonian must be smaller than $2$. This is the best value known to date. Here we improve it by about $30\%$, raising it to about $2.6058$. Source: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28302v1 (arXiv:2609.28302v1) Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24127537
Primary Topic
Numerical Solvers for Ordinary Differential Equations
Type
preprint
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preprint

Improved convergence radius of the Fer expansion for Hermitian generators — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Numerical Solvers for Ordinary Differential Equations
preprint

Improved convergence radius of the Fer expansion for Hermitian generators — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
preprint en

Abstract

The Dyson series expands the propagator of a time-dependent Hamiltonian in powers of the Hamiltonian, but its truncations are in general not unitary. The Fer expansion writes the same propagator as an infinite product of matrix exponentials, each of them unitary, and its remainder decays doubly exponentially with the number of factors. Convergence, however, is guaranteed only within a finite radius: the time integral of the norm of the Hamiltonian must be smaller than $2$. This is the best value known to date. Here we improve it by about $30\%$, raising it to about $2.6058$. Source: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28302v1 (arXiv:2609.28302v1) Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Numerical Solvers for Ordinary Differential Equations
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