Multifunctional Bidirectional Wavefront Manipulation Using Non‐Interleaved Metasurface

ABSTRACT Bidirectional metasurfaces have attracted great attention for their potential to exhibit distinct electromagnetic responses depending on the direction of incident wave propagation. In this work, we present a multifunctional, non‐interleaved metasurface with bidirectional wavefront manipulation. The design operates across three frequency bands, including 11.6, 13.1–15, and 17.5 GHz. At 11.6 and 17.5 GHz, the metasurface exhibits co‐polarized reflection or cross‐polarized transmission response depending on the direction of propagation (± k ) and polarization (left circular polarization (LCP) and right circular polarization (RCP)). In the intermediate band of 13.1–15 GHz, the amplitude response of co‐polarized reflection and co‐ and cross‐polarized transmission is uniform regardless of propagation direction or polarization state. However, to achieve a distinct phase response of co‐polarized reflection and co‐ and cross‐polarized transmission across three operating bands, separate rotation angles are considered for top and bottom resonators. Notably, each function achieved full 2π phase coverage by maintaining uniform amplitude for all rotation angles. The proposed metasurface effectively generates vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with mode orders of ℓ = 1, 2, 3, and 4. Overall, the metasurface demonstrates 12 experimentally validated electromagnetic functions, highlighting strong potential for advanced multifunctional wavefront manipulation and engineering applications.