Efektivitas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Ekonomi Masyarakat

Natural resource management is often assumed to improve community welfare, yet empirical evidence shows mixed outcomes. This article synthesizes research on natural resource management in forestry, fisheries, mangroves, and related sectors, internationally and in Indonesia, to assess how far such management meets the economic needs of communities. Using a library research approach, it synthesizes 29 scholarly journal articles through thematic grouping and interprets the findings with economic concepts such as property rights, scarcity, opportunity cost, externalities, and benefit distribution. The findings show that natural resources contribute roughly 22–38% of rural and coastal household income, and that various management schemes are reported to raise income or food security by 18–45%. However, Indonesian studies indicate that abundant resources do not automatically generate stable income, owing to land tenure problems, weak coordination and regulatory enforcement, pollution, and technological constraints. Management effectiveness should be assessed across four dimensions: economic, ecological, equity, and institutional. Policies should recognize community management rights, strengthen regulatory implementation, and provide alternative livelihoods when resource use is restricted