Competencia geoestratégica por losminerales críticos: China-T-MEC.Futuro de vehículos eléctricos

The global energy transition has significantly increased the strategic value of critical minerals that are essential for batteries, semiconductors, and green technologies. China dominates a substantial share of the processing and refining of these raw materials, giving it a leading position in the global electric vehicle supply chain. In response, the member countries of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) are seeking to reduce their dependence through new industrial policies, stricter rules of origin, and supply chain relocation strategies (nearshoring). The objective of this study is to analyze how competition for critical minerals is reshaping the automotive industry’s supply chains, the risks this poses for North America, and the emerging opportunities for Mexico in attracting investment, expanding mineral processing, and advancing high-value manufacturing.