Indice d’inclusion financière en Guinée : Une mesure du degré d’inclusivité

Promoting an inclusive financial system is a priority in Guinea. However, the country does not yet have a composite measure to assess the evolution of financial inclusion across its various dimensions. This article proposes a multidimensional measure of financial inclusion in Guinea over the period 2004–2024, through a Financial Inclusion Index (FII) inspired by Sarma (2008) and based on the normalized inverse Euclidean distance. The index relies on three dimensions: banking penetration, the availability of banking infrastructure, and the use of financial services, measured using data from the International Monetary Fund’s Financial Access Survey (FAS). The results of the historical analysis show an improvement in Guinea’s index, which reached 0.980 in 2022 before standing at 0.952 in 2024. These values reflect a relative improvement in the selected banking dimensions, based on the minimum and maximum values observed in Guinea over the study period. However, they do not constitute an absolute measure of the proportion of the population that is financially included. The regional comparative analysis, meanwhile, ranks Guinea 28th out of 31 Sub-Saharan African countries studied, with an index of 0.064 in 2022. This difference from the historical result is explained, in particular, by the use of distinct normalization bounds, which means that the two index values are not directly comparable. The study thus highlights the progress made by Guinea’s banking system while also emphasizing the limitations of these advances in comparison with regional performance. It further notes that the index relies primarily on traditional banking indicators and does not account for digital financial services, particularly mobile money. The results should therefore be interpreted as a partial measure of financial inclusion, focusing on access to banking infrastructure and the use of formal banking services.