A non-geodesic edge that survives in the loop-erased ant process

In the loop-erased ant process of Kious, Mailler and Schapira, ants walk one after another from a nest $N$ to a food source $F$ on a finite graph, each ant stepping along an edge with probability proportional to its weight and then adding one to the weight of every edge of the loop-erasure of its time-reversed trajectory. It was conjectured that the weight of an edge grows linearly exactly when the edge lies on a geodesic from $N$ to $F$. Let $G_\ell$ be the graph made of a triangle $N,u,v$ and two paths of $\ell$ edges, one from $u$ to $F$ and one from $v$ to $F$. We prove that on $G_\ell$ the normalised weights converge almost surely. The limit is $\rho$ on the edges of the path $N,u,\dots,F$, it is $1-\rho$ on the edges of the path $N,v,\dots,F$, and it is $(1-1/\ell)\rho(1-\rho)$ on the edge $uv$, where $\rho$ is a non-degenerate random variable with values in $(0,1)$. For $\ell\ge2$ the edge $uv$ lies on no geodesic and keeps a positive share of the weight, so the conjecture fails on $G_\ell$, and the proportion of ants that reinforce a path which is not a geodesic has a positive limit. For $\ell=1$ the graph is the losange of Kious, Mailler and Schapira, the edge $uv$ dies, and the theorem gives for the loop-erased rule the convergence that they proved for the uniform-geodesic rule. The forward-loop-erased ant process of Armfield and Mailler, in which the ant reinforces the loop-erasure of its trajectory instead of that of the reversed trajectory, has the same law, so all of these statements hold for it as well.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24125361
Primary Topic
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
preprint

A non-geodesic edge that survives in the loop-erased ant process

Yitzchak Shmalo
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
preprint

A non-geodesic edge that survives in the loop-erased ant process

Yitzchak Shmalo
preprint en

Abstract

In the loop-erased ant process of Kious, Mailler and Schapira, ants walk one after another from a nest $N$ to a food source $F$ on a finite graph, each ant stepping along an edge with probability proportional to its weight and then adding one to the weight of every edge of the loop-erasure of its time-reversed trajectory. It was conjectured that the weight of an edge grows linearly exactly when the edge lies on a geodesic from $N$ to $F$. Let $G_\ell$ be the graph made of a triangle $N,u,v$ and two paths of $\ell$ edges, one from $u$ to $F$ and one from $v$ to $F$. We prove that on $G_\ell$ the normalised weights converge almost surely. The limit is $\rho$ on the edges of the path $N,u,\dots,F$, it is $1-\rho$ on the edges of the path $N,v,\dots,F$, and it is $(1-1/\ell)\rho(1-\rho)$ on the edge $uv$, where $\rho$ is a non-degenerate random variable with values in $(0,1)$. For $\ell\ge2$ the edge $uv$ lies on no geodesic and keeps a positive share of the weight, so the conjecture fails on $G_\ell$, and the proportion of ants that reinforce a path which is not a geodesic has a positive limit. For $\ell=1$ the graph is the losange of Kious, Mailler and Schapira, the edge $uv$ dies, and the theorem gives for the loop-erased rule the convergence that they proved for the uniform-geodesic rule. The forward-loop-erased ant process of Armfield and Mailler, in which the ant reinforces the loop-erasure of its trajectory instead of that of the reversed trajectory, has the same law, so all of these statements hold for it as well.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon