Anemia in Pregnancy: A Case Study

Anemia during pregnancy is a maternal health issue that can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the fetus. This case report aims to describe the clinical findings, diagnostic test results, management, and pregnancy outcomes of a pregnant woman with anemia. A 22-year-old woman (G1P0A0) at 40 weeks of gestation presented with lower abdominal pain and a history of oligohydramnios. Examination revealed stable general condition and vital signs. Hematological analysis showed a hemoglobin level of 8.5 g/dL, hematocrit of 27.4%, erythrocyte count of 3.56 × 10⁶/µL, MCV of 77 fL, MCH of 23.9 pg, and RDW-CV of 17.4%. These findings indicated moderate anemia with a microcytic profile suggestive of iron deficiency anemia. The patient was diagnosed as G1P0A0 at 40 weeks of gestation with oligohydramnios and anemia. Delivery resulted in a live female infant weighing 2,900 g, measuring 50 cm in length, with an APGAR score of 8/10. Postpartum, the patient remained stable with good uterine contractions and lochia rubra; she received clinical monitoring, supportive therapy, and a blood transfusion. This case highlights the importance of hematological assessment, etiological identification, and appropriate management of anemia during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Early detection through regular antenatal care is essential to prevent complications and optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.