Spin Density and Torsion Energy in Superfluid Helium-3 Compared with Condensation Energy

This paper examines whether spin-torsion energy in fully polarised superfluid helium-3 could compete with the condensation energy that stabilises the superfluid phases. The system considered is liquid helium-3 at a number density near 1.6 x 10^28 per cubic metre, and the observable is torsion energy density set against condensation energy density. Evaluating the ordinary behaviour of the system and the spin-torsion contribution under explicit assumptions about polarisation and uniformity, and inverting the comparison at the stated laboratory precision, gives a quantitative bound rather than a qualitative assertion of smallness. The computed record is: number_density_per_m3 = 1.620e+28; torsion_energy_density_J_m3 = 3.251e-39; condensation_energy_density_J_m3 = 58.15; ratio_torsion_to_condensation = 5.591e-41; Tc_K = 0.0026. The torsion-related contribution is far below the level that would alter the ordinary behaviour of the system at current precision, and the value that would have produced a visible residual is stated so that future improvements can be assessed against it directly. No new measurement is reported. This study is simulated and computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24133952
Primary Topic
Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Type
article
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article

Spin Density and Torsion Energy in Superfluid Helium-3 Compared with Condensation Energy

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
article

Spin Density and Torsion Energy in Superfluid Helium-3 Compared with Condensation Energy

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

This paper examines whether spin-torsion energy in fully polarised superfluid helium-3 could compete with the condensation energy that stabilises the superfluid phases. The system considered is liquid helium-3 at a number density near 1.6 x 10^28 per cubic metre, and the observable is torsion energy density set against condensation energy density. Evaluating the ordinary behaviour of the system and the spin-torsion contribution under explicit assumptions about polarisation and uniformity, and inverting the comparison at the stated laboratory precision, gives a quantitative bound rather than a qualitative assertion of smallness. The computed record is: number_density_per_m3 = 1.620e+28; torsion_energy_density_J_m3 = 3.251e-39; condensation_energy_density_J_m3 = 58.15; ratio_torsion_to_condensation = 5.591e-41; Tc_K = 0.0026. The torsion-related contribution is far below the level that would alter the ordinary behaviour of the system at current precision, and the value that would have produced a visible residual is stated so that future improvements can be assessed against it directly. No new measurement is reported. This study is simulated and computed from stated assumptions, not measured.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
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