Integrating Healthy Streets Evaluation into Renewal Planning: A Street Renewal Decision Support Framework Combining Streetscape Perception Analysis and Explainable Machine Learning

Streets are important settings for healthy city development, and Healthy Streets evaluation provides an objective basis for identifying street problems and guiding street improvement. However, existing studies often separate Healthy Streets evaluation from streetscape perception analysis, making it difficult to translate evaluation results into systematic street renewal decisions. To address this gap, this study develops a street renewal decision framework that integrates Healthy Streets evaluation, streetscape perception, and explainable machine learning. A localized Healthy Streets evaluation system comprising 10 Primary Indicators and 22 Secondary Indicators is applied to 1510 streets in the central urban districts of Beijing. Streetscape perceptions are then predicted using a pretrained model based on Place Pulse 2.0, with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) applied to the machine learning models to identify perceptually important Healthy Streets indicators. By integrating street environment evidence with streetscape perception evidence, the framework further supports the identification of Indicator Update Priorities, Street Renewal Types, and Street Implementation Priority. The results show that (1) Healthy Streets performance was generally better in northern and core areas, while environmental shortfalls and unfavorable predicted perceptions overlapped in southern Fengtai and southeastern Chaoyang, concentrating renewal needs; (2) “Effective Walking Width” emerged as a major shortfall, while “Effective Walking Width,” “Large Vehicle Traffic Interaction,” and “Street Greenery” were the indicators with the highest overall SHAP contributions across streetscape perception dimensions; and (3) by integrating objective environmental shortfalls and streetscape perception problems, the framework classifies streets into four renewal types and proposes differentiated strategies: space reallocation for Priority Renewal, spatial and facility improvements for Shortfall Improvement, parking management and greening for Perceptual Enhancement, and routine maintenance for Maintenance Optimization. This study provides a reference framework for Healthy Streets evaluation, street renewal prioritization, and implementation planning.