Microwave Background Entropy Compared with the Temperature Ceiling at the Bounce

The ratio is unity at the precision of the arithmetic, confirming that adiabatic transport through a density-limited bounce neither creates nor destroys photon entropy. Whatever entropy change a bounce produces must therefore come from explicitly non-adiabatic channels, such as the particle creation estimated separately, whose size is already known to be small. The computation is performed from stated assumptions in a density-limited bounce, in which the neutron-branch limit density sets a maximum density, a finite bounce temperature, and a minimum horizon size. Headline values from the deposited calculation are: T_bounce_K = 3.28e+22; S_cmb_today_kB = 5.28e+89; V_bounce_m3 = 2.05e+14; S_same_comoving_at_bounce_kB = 5.28e+89; ratio_bounce_to_today = 1; adiabatic_invariant_check = 3.29e+17. The study is simulated and computed, not measured, and its conclusions are stated at the precision the stated assumptions support.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129246
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Microwave Background Entropy Compared with the Temperature Ceiling at the Bounce

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Microwave Background Entropy Compared with the Temperature Ceiling at the Bounce

William Alexander Aldred
article en

Abstract

The ratio is unity at the precision of the arithmetic, confirming that adiabatic transport through a density-limited bounce neither creates nor destroys photon entropy. Whatever entropy change a bounce produces must therefore come from explicitly non-adiabatic channels, such as the particle creation estimated separately, whose size is already known to be small. The computation is performed from stated assumptions in a density-limited bounce, in which the neutron-branch limit density sets a maximum density, a finite bounce temperature, and a minimum horizon size. Headline values from the deposited calculation are: T_bounce_K = 3.28e+22; S_cmb_today_kB = 5.28e+89; V_bounce_m3 = 2.05e+14; S_same_comoving_at_bounce_kB = 5.28e+89; ratio_bounce_to_today = 1; adiabatic_invariant_check = 3.29e+17. The study is simulated and computed, not measured, and its conclusions are stated at the precision the stated assumptions support.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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