Well-Being: Individual Public Health in Urban Areas

This article aims to integrate eight established determinants of individual well-being into a single business-management-informed framework for urban public health, clarifying what a management lens adds to existing urban health models. This article employs a theory-oriented approach based on business management. This article analyzes digital health literature to generate the new concept of well-being in modern medicine and applies it to urban policy and planning. The analysis revealed eight key factors in individual public health: green spaces, urban environment, mental state, physical state, urban diet, urban resilience, stress control (external stressors), and financial management (internal stressors). From the perspective of service provision and urban policy formulation, our new concept of well-being enables public health professionals to apply it, in collaboration with local communities, in coordination with social care, in the development of effective personal public health policies, and in addressing healthcare interventions based on urban conditions and needs.