Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Carcinogenesis: From Parietal Cell Destruction and Intestinal Metaplasia to Adenocarcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumors

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND GASTRITIS AUTOIMMUNE GASTRITIS Liver diseases represent a major global health challenge, encompassing a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) to chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing evidence suggests that liver disease progression involves complex interactions among metabolic disturbances, intestinal microbiota, immune responses, oxidative stress, and alterations in cellular homeostasis.