Rab10 and Arhgef7 interact to promote axon extension by linking vesicle supply and exocytosis

The formation of functional neural circuits begins with the extension of a single axon by immature neurons. Axon elongation requires an expansion of the plasma membrane that depends on the polarization of vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. It is not completely understood how the increased transport of vesicles into the growing axon is linked to their subsequent insertion into the plasma membrane. An analysis of early stages of neuronal differentiation indicates that an asymmetry in neurite length precedes axon specification and the accumulation of PPVs in the nascent axon. We show that increasing the transport of vesicles in unpolarized neurons is sufficient to promote the extension of additional axons. This effect indicates that an increased supply of vesicles stimulates their subsequent insertion into the membrane to allow neurite growth. The link between vesicle transport and exocytosis is mediated by the interaction of Rab10 with Arhgef7. Rab10 stimulates Arhgef7 activity on PPVs as a GEF for Cdc42b to promote axon extension through exocyst-dependent exocytosis, suggesting that their interaction links the increased supply of PPVs to their exocytosis.