Massive Black-Hole Mergers at the Density Cap: LISA-Band Consequences of the Aldred Frame

This paper extends the black-hole bookkeeping of the Aldred frame — Einstein–Cartan spin–torsion gravity with a limiting density ρ_A = 9.72×10⁵⁴ g/cm³ at which collapse halts and reverses — from stellar-mass systems to the massive regime the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will observe: equal-mass mergers of total source-frame mass 10⁴–10⁷ solar masses at redshifts z = 1–10. Signal-to-noise ratios are estimated with the analytic LISA sensitivity of Robson, Cornish and Liu (2019), including the four-year galactic-confusion term, a restricted post-Newtonian inspiral, and an energy-based estimate of the dominant (2,2,0) ringdown mode radiating 1% of the remnant mass. LISA sees these systems well: inspiral signal-to-noise ratios reach 2262 and ringdown ratios 3198 on the grid, sources spend from days to centuries above 0.1 mHz, and the observable inspiral accumulates up to 9.6×10⁴ cycles. The frame's departures from the Kerr prediction are nevertheless identically zero at every grid point, and this negative result is the paper's headline, printed at full size. In vacuum the torsion correction vanishes, so the exterior is Kerr; the bounced core of the remnant sits at R_A/r_s = 2.8×10⁻¹⁶ to 2.8×10⁻¹⁸ of the horizon radius, causally inside it; the formal inspiral dephasing is at most 1.8×10⁻⁴² cycles; the evaporation floor of 8.66×10¹³ g is a fraction 4.6×10⁻²⁴ to 4.6×10⁻²⁷ of the remnant mass; and the number of echoes reaching infinity is zero. The region of the mass–redshift plane in which LISA distinguishes the frame from Kerr is therefore empty, at any signal-to-noise ratio, and the expected number of distinguishing events is 0.0 per mission year under every published merger-rate model considered (5, 30, and 100 detectable events per year). For reference, the horizonless reflective configuration that echo searches actually test — which is not this frame — would be distinguishable in 11 of the 35 grid cells, with echo delays of 1.1×10³ to 7.8×10⁴ s in the distinguishable cells and 1.6 to 31 distinguishing events per year at the same rates; LISA will constrain that configuration strongly, and nothing in that constraint touches the frame with a horizon. No precursor observation creates a tension: no instrument has observed a massive-merger ringdown, and the frame predicts no departure for any instrument to have seen. All figures are model calculations within the stated frame and the stated waveform approximations: SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED. AI-use disclosure: this paper was drafted and computed with the assistance of Dave, an AI assistant operated by Aldred Industries, under the direction of the author; all derivations, computations, and conclusions were reviewed against the frame's equations before deposit. All numbers are produced by the deposited compute.py.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229
Primary Topic
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Type
preprint
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preprint

Massive Black-Hole Mergers at the Density Cap: LISA-Band Consequences of the Aldred Frame

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
preprint

Massive Black-Hole Mergers at the Density Cap: LISA-Band Consequences of the Aldred Frame

William Alexander Aldred
preprint en

Abstract

This paper extends the black-hole bookkeeping of the Aldred frame — Einstein–Cartan spin–torsion gravity with a limiting density ρ_A = 9.72×10⁵⁴ g/cm³ at which collapse halts and reverses — from stellar-mass systems to the massive regime the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will observe: equal-mass mergers of total source-frame mass 10⁴–10⁷ solar masses at redshifts z = 1–10. Signal-to-noise ratios are estimated with the analytic LISA sensitivity of Robson, Cornish and Liu (2019), including the four-year galactic-confusion term, a restricted post-Newtonian inspiral, and an energy-based estimate of the dominant (2,2,0) ringdown mode radiating 1% of the remnant mass. LISA sees these systems well: inspiral signal-to-noise ratios reach 2262 and ringdown ratios 3198 on the grid, sources spend from days to centuries above 0.1 mHz, and the observable inspiral accumulates up to 9.6×10⁴ cycles. The frame's departures from the Kerr prediction are nevertheless identically zero at every grid point, and this negative result is the paper's headline, printed at full size. In vacuum the torsion correction vanishes, so the exterior is Kerr; the bounced core of the remnant sits at R_A/r_s = 2.8×10⁻¹⁶ to 2.8×10⁻¹⁸ of the horizon radius, causally inside it; the formal inspiral dephasing is at most 1.8×10⁻⁴² cycles; the evaporation floor of 8.66×10¹³ g is a fraction 4.6×10⁻²⁴ to 4.6×10⁻²⁷ of the remnant mass; and the number of echoes reaching infinity is zero. The region of the mass–redshift plane in which LISA distinguishes the frame from Kerr is therefore empty, at any signal-to-noise ratio, and the expected number of distinguishing events is 0.0 per mission year under every published merger-rate model considered (5, 30, and 100 detectable events per year). For reference, the horizonless reflective configuration that echo searches actually test — which is not this frame — would be distinguishable in 11 of the 35 grid cells, with echo delays of 1.1×10³ to 7.8×10⁴ s in the distinguishable cells and 1.6 to 31 distinguishing events per year at the same rates; LISA will constrain that configuration strongly, and nothing in that constraint touches the frame with a horizon. No precursor observation creates a tension: no instrument has observed a massive-merger ringdown, and the frame predicts no departure for any instrument to have seen. All figures are model calculations within the stated frame and the stated waveform approximations: SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED. AI-use disclosure: this paper was drafted and computed with the assistance of Dave, an AI assistant operated by Aldred Industries, under the direction of the author; all derivations, computations, and conclusions were reviewed against the frame's equations before deposit. All numbers are produced by the deposited compute.py.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
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