Case Report: Colonic polypoid ganglioneuroma: insights from a case report and a retrospective single-center study

Background Gastrointestinal ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare, benign tumors, typically discovered incidentally. The majority of cases are asymptomatic, and both clinical signs and endoscopic morphological features are non-specific. There are no guidelines for their management and follow-up. This study presents a case report and a retrospective analysis of patients with colonic polypoid ganglioneuromas (PGs) at our institution, aiming to enhance understanding of these rare tumors and contribute to standardized therapeutic approaches. Methods We present a case of solitary colonic PG treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed eight patients with colonic PGs treated at our hospital between 2018 and 2025 to analyze their clinical characteristics and the outcomes of endoscopic treatment. Results To the best of our knowledge, our study includes a considerable number of patients with PGs. The majority of these patients also had other polyps and were treated with endoscopic resection. During follow-up, no recurrence was observed. Conclusion In our study, PGs exhibited diverse endoscopic morphologies and were completely removed through endoscopic resection without recurrence. Clinically, the manifestations of PGs are often non-specific and may be overlooked. Furthermore, the literature has documented that ganglioneuromatous polyposis (GP) and diffuse ganglioneuromatosis (DG) may be associated with various syndromes and have malignant potential, warranting particular consideration and surgical intervention when necessary.