Smart Security Cameras Using Iot: A Review Of Raspberry Pi Video Streaming, Opencv-Based Detection, Face Recognition And Secure Alerting

IoT-based smart security cameras offer intelligent, automated monitoring at low cost, making them attractive for homes and small businesses. This paper reviews smart security camera systems built on single-board computers such as the Raspberry Pi with a Pi Camera module, which stream video over the local network and to remote users through a web interface. It examines the computer vision pipeline, from classical motion detection by background subtraction and pedestrian detection with histogram-of-oriented-gradients features to deep-learning object detectors and lightweight networks for embedded devices, as well as face recognition based on learned embeddings for distinguishing known people from strangers. Edge processing for real-time video analytics, alert mechanisms such as automated e-mail and push notifications with captured snapshots, and storage of event clips are discussed. The security of the camera itself is reviewed, since poorly configured IoT devices are routinely compromised. A five-layer architecture comprising capture, edge vision, event management, secure communication and user interface layers is proposed, together with research gaps, objectives, a comparison of detection methods and challenges such as false alarms, low light, privacy and limited computing power. The review concludes that edge-based intelligent cameras can provide affordable, responsive and privacy-conscious residential security.