Meaning in life across the lifespan: cross-sectional differences by age, gender, and educational level

Meaning in life (MIL) refers to individuals’ perceptions of meaning and value in their existence. Although MIL is associated with psychological well-being, how MIL scores differ across age groups in the Chinese cultural context remains insufficiently understood. Examining demographic differences across the dimensions of MIL may provide a more comprehensive understanding of these patterns. This cross-sectional study examined MIL in individuals aged 11–76 years using the Quadripartite Existential Meaning Scale (QEMS). Differences in MIL across age groups, gender, and educational levels were investigated. MIL scores showed a U-shaped pattern across age groups, with the highest total score observed among individuals aged 51–76 years and the lowest among those aged 16–18 years. No significant gender differences were found in the MIL dimensions. Regarding educational level, individuals with postgraduate education or above scored significantly higher on the comprehension and purpose dimensions than those with a senior high school education. The senior high school group showed the lowest scores across all four MIL dimensions. The findings reveal cross-sectional differences in MIL across age groups and educational levels, while no significant gender differences were observed. They highlight the importance of examining the distinct dimensions of MIL when investigating demographic variation in MIL.