A Flood Witness for Low-Water Road Crossings: Computed Warning Time, Sensor Placement and the False-Closure Trade-Off

Design and computation for a self-contained, solar-powered flood witness for low-water road crossings: upstream level and rate-of-rise sensing with a local warning beacon. Computes warning minutes before a crossing becomes impassable, the sensor placement maximising warning per dollar, and the warning/false-closure trade-off versus trigger threshold. SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED. For the smallest steep catchments the computed warning is 1.67 minutes and the paper recommends a physical barrier, not a beacon.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24109004
Primary Topic
Flood Risk Assessment and Management
Type
preprint
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preprint

A Flood Witness for Low-Water Road Crossings: Computed Warning Time, Sensor Placement and the False-Closure Trade-Off

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Flood Risk Assessment and Management
preprint

A Flood Witness for Low-Water Road Crossings: Computed Warning Time, Sensor Placement and the False-Closure Trade-Off

William Alexander Aldred
preprint en

Abstract

Design and computation for a self-contained, solar-powered flood witness for low-water road crossings: upstream level and rate-of-rise sensing with a local warning beacon. Computes warning minutes before a crossing becomes impassable, the sensor placement maximising warning per dollar, and the warning/false-closure trade-off versus trigger threshold. SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED. For the smallest steep catchments the computed warning is 1.67 minutes and the paper recommends a physical barrier, not a beacon.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Flood Risk Assessment and Management
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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A Flood Witness for Low-Water Road Crossings: Computed Warning Time, Sensor Placement and the False-Closure Trade-Off — William Alexander Aldred · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS