Deliverable 2.3 - Report on multi-scale numerical simulations

This document presents the application of numerical simulations to assess the potential of selected Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in mitigating Hydro-Meteorological Hazards (HMHs) across the six Frontrunning Regions (FRRs) of the LAND4CLIMATE project. The deliverable builds upon the methodological framework and data architecture defined in previous tasks (D2.1 and D2.2) to perform event-based simulations focusing primarily on the hazard component of climate risk. Using a range of modeling approaches - such as ENVI-met, SWAT+, hydrological and groundwater models - this report provides site-specific insights into the expected effectiveness of the planned NBS inter ventions. Results are summarized for each region, highlighting both the opportunities and current limitations of the simulations. The deliverable also outlines how these findings will support future work, particularly Deliverable 2.5, which will provide a more comprehensive risk-based evaluation by integrating exposure and vulnerability indicators.