Acting Together: An Integrative Look Into Team Interdependence

Team interdependence is foundational to teamwork, yet conceptualized inconsistently. Reviewing 144 studies (1999–2025), we identify three conceptual emphases—task, goal, and emergent interdependence—and show how conceptual choices shape measurement and interpretation. We distinguish structural interdependence (designed inputs) from emergent interdependence (an emergent state), clarifying misalignment that impedes cumulative knowledge.