Research Progress on the Applications of Solid-Waste-Based Nanomaterials in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technologies

With the continuous advancement of the "Dual Carbon" strategic goals, coupling solid waste resource utilization with carbon emission reduction has become a practical demand in the environmental field. This paper systematically reviews the types, preparation methods and functional properties of solid-waste-based nanomaterials, and summarizes their technical characteristics and current applications across the main stages of CCUS, including CO₂ capture, utilization and storage. Practical bottlenecks in preparing various solid-waste-based nanomaterials, improving their performance, and adapting them to actual operating conditions are analyzed. From the perspective of life-cycle assessment (LCA), the environmental benefits and burdens are discussed. The reviewed literature shows that improved material performance does not necessarily lead to lower overall environmental impacts, as activation and modification may require additional energy and chemicals. Future research directions are also proposed, providing a theoretical basis for developing low-cost solid-waste-based functional nanomaterials for CCUS with low environmental impacts, as well as for integrating solid-waste recycling with carbon emission reduction.