Contributions and Real-World Challenges of Fashion and Textile Graduates: The Case of Accra Technical University

Purpose: This study investigated the contributions and job-related challenges of fashion and textile graduates of Accra Technical University, trained based on the Competency-Based Training (CBT) approach. It assessed the graduates' contributions and challenges in their jobs in the fashion and textiles industry. The study addressed the knowledge gap about CBT's practical outcomes in connecting vocational training to industry demands. Methodology/Design: A qualitative interpretative research approach was used, grounded in Competency Theory, Self-Efficacy Theory, and Human Capital Theory. The study’s participants comprised 13 2010–2016 CBT alumni and 5 employers selected through snowball sampling. Triangulation, member checking, and peer review ensured data reliability from interviews and observations. Findings: CBT graduates have significantly impacted Ghana’s fashion and textile industry by creating jobs, boosting human capital as trainers and mentors, fostering innovation, and supporting equipment fabrication and maintenance. However, the graduates faced financial constraints, market instability, high raw material costs, price changes, limited financing, customer issues, and standardisation issues. Practical and Social Implications: There is a need to increase CBT graduates' competitiveness and sustainability by integrating entrepreneurship training into the curriculum and implementing supportive policies like financial incentives and reliable supply chains. Addressing these issues may improve future graduates' resilience and industry impact. Originality: This study contributes to the body of knowledge by critically analysing CBT graduates' practical contributions and constraints, particularly in the fashion and textile industry, to advance research in technical vocational education and training. It connects theoretical education to industrial practices and offers concrete suggestions to improve graduate outcomes in developing economies.