THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPING SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION BASED ON NATIONAL VALUES IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

This article offers a theoretical analysis of how spiritual and moral education based on national values can be developed in preschool education. Its aim is to systematize the philosophical-pedagogical, psychological and legal foundations of such education and to substantiate a theoretical model adapted to the age and individual characteristics of preschool children. The topic is relevant because the preschool system has been fundamentally reformed in recent years, early upbringing lays the moral foundation of personality, and national identity must be preserved under globalization. The study applies historical-pedagogical and comparative theoretical analysis, a systemic approach, analysis of regulatory documents and an illustrative quantitative calculation. The views of Avloni and the theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, Vygotsky and Bandura are compared. The results show that children internalize national values not as ready-made rules but through role models, play, folk tales and cooperation with the family and the mahalla (neighborhood community), and that effective upbringing must unite moral knowledge, moral feeling and moral behavior. Theoretical conclusions, the author’s proposals and practical recommendations for educators and parents are formulated.